ประวัติเครื่อง 4A-FE
4A-FE[edit]
1st generation 4A-FE engine.
2nd generation 4A-FE engine.
4A-FE engine sticker.
The fuel injected 4A-FE is the successor of the carbureted 4A-F. It was manufactured between 1987–2001. Toyota designed this engine with fuel economy in mind. The 4A-FE is basically the same as the 4A-F (introduced in the 6th generation of Corollas), the most apparent difference being the electronic fuel injection system as noted by the E. The engine was succeeded by the 3ZZ-FE, a 1.6-liter engine with VVT-i technology.
There are three generations of this engine and can be identified by the external shape of the engine. The first generation (1987–1996) featured a plate on the head which read "16 valve EFI" and fuel injectors in the head.[17]
The second generation had a higher profile cam design in the head, a cam cover with ribs throughout its length, and fuel injectors in the intake manifold runners. Mechanically, the late-model engines received MAP load sensing and redesigned pistons, intake ports, and intake manifold. The second generation engine was produced from 1992–1998 (1993–1996 in the US).[17]
The third generation (1996–2001) was released exclusively for the Asian market (Japan, Philippines, Pakistan, Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia) only. Although it is very similar to the second generation externally, it only has a slight difference in the top section of the intake manifold and throttle body. This last generation also has a higher additional output of 4 kW (5 hp; 5 PS) compared to the second generation.[citation needed]
Engine displacement: 1.6 L (1,587 cc)
Layout: DOHC Inline-4
Valves: 16, 4 for each cylinder
Redline: 6300 rpm
Compression ratio: 9.5:1
Fuel Delivery System: TCCS or MPFI
North American market engines:
84 kW (113 hp; 115 PS) at 5,800 rpm, and torque 145 N⋅m (107 lb⋅ft; 14.8 kg⋅m) at 4,800 rpm[citation needed]
European market engines:
77 kW (104 hp; 105 PS) at 6,000 rpm, and torque 142 N⋅m (105 lb⋅ft; 14.5 kg⋅m) at 3,200 rpm[18]
Asian market engines:
85 kW (114 hp; 116 PS) at 6,000 rpm[citation needed]
South African market engines:
79 kW (106 hp; 107 PS) at 6,000 rpm and torque 140 N⋅m (103 lb⋅ft; 14.3 kg⋅m) at 3,200 rpm[citation needed]
Note: power and torque specs for North America and Europe are from the 1988–1992 Corollas.
The 4A-FE is different from the 4A-GE in terms of performance and power. Although both have the same displacement and are DOHC, they were optimized for different uses. The first obvious difference are the valves, the engine's intake and exhaust valves were placed 22.3° apart (compared to 50° in the G-Engines). The second is that it employed a "slave cam system", the camshafts being geared together and driven off one camshaft's sprocket (both camshafts' sprockets on the G-Engine are rotated by the timing belt). Some of the less directly visible differences were poorly shaped ports in the earlier versions, a slow burning combustion chamber with heavily shrouded valves, less aggressive camshaft profiles, ports of a small cross sectional area, a very restrictive intake manifold with long runners joined to a small displacement plenum and other changes. Even though the valve angle is closer to what is considered in some racing circles[who?] to be ideal for power (approximately 25 degrees), its other design differences and the intake which is tuned for a primary harmonic resonance at low RPM means that it has about 10% less power compared to the 4A-GE engine. This engine design improves fuel efficiency and torque, but compromises power. Power rating varied from 75–78 kW (100–105 hp; 101–106 PS) in the US market. Late-model engines are rumored to make slightly greater power but still received a 78 kW (105 hp; 106 PS) rating.
Applications
AT220 Avensis 1997–2000 (excluding Japan)
AT171/175 Carina 1988–1992 (Japan only)
AT190 Carina 1984–1996 (Japan only)
AT171 Carina II 1987–1992 (Europe only)
AT190 Carina E 1992–1997 (Europe only)
AT180 Celica 1989–1993 (excluding Japan)
AE92/95 Corolla 1988–1997
AE101/104/109 Corolla 1991–2002
AE111/114 Corolla 1995–2002
AE101 Corolla Ceres 1992–1998 (Japan only)
AE111 Corolla Spacio 1997–2001 (Japan only)
AT175 Corona 1988–1992 (Japan only)
AT190 Corona 1992–1996
AT210 Corona 1996–2001
AE95 Sprinter 1989–1991 (Japan only)
AE101/104/109 Sprinter 1992–2002 (Japan only)
AE111/114 Sprinter 1995–1998 (Japan only)
AE95 Sprinter Carib 1988–1990 (Japan only)
AE111/114 Sprinter Carib 1996–2001 (Japan only)
AE101 Sprinter Marino 1992–1998 (Japan only)
AE92/AE111 Corolla/Conquest 1993–2002 (South Africa)
Geo Prizm base model (based on Toyota AE92 chassis) 1989–1997
